Procaine And Injection

Recognize allergic reactions

Reactions can range from a bump where vaccine was injected to anaphylactic shock and death

by Barbara Sheridan

THE SUDDEN death in 2002 of Spend a Buck, the 1985 Kentucky Derby (G1) winner and Horse of the Year, showed the many dangers a horse can face as a result of a routine treatment gone bad. While based in Brazil, the stallion was treated with an injection of penicillin to treat a cut above his eye, which resulted in his traumatic death from anaphylactic shock. As with people, horses also can develop an extreme allergic reaction to a seemingly innocent substance.

Anaphylactic shock, the most severe type of anaphylaxis, is the result of a severe allergic reaction that causes the body to begin to shut down. Anaphylaxis, an acute, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction, is defined by a number of signs and symptoms, either alone or in combination, that occur after being exposed to some form of provoking substance.

"Anaphylactic shock is a type of hypersensitive reaction to some sort of antigen, which can occur in as little as a few seconds to several hours," said Betsy Greene, Ph.D., extension equine specialist at the University of Vermont. "In most cases, the horse has been exposed to the agent previously and has the severe reaction on the second exposure."

This severe reaction could have occurred during a routine vaccination, administration of a drug, or even from an insect bite. Upon the initial exposure, the immune system becomes sensitized

to a particular substance that is foreign to the body. Upon re-exposure to the same allergen, several

substances, including histamine, are released, resulting in the anaphylactic reaction, which causes the body to shut down.

"The horse's immune system is critical for protection against infection," Greene said. "However, sometimes the horse's system can work too well, and the body then develops a hypersensitivity to certain substances. This can be local, such as a severe sensitivity to insects or bee stings, or systemic, such as a reaction to certain drugs such as penicillin, dewormers, or anesthesia."

Greene said that, upon exposure, the body then will start an immediate immune response, which causes varying physiological changes. "Some of the physiological changes include blood vessel dilation with increased-permeability mucous [membranes], an increase in gastric acid, and smooth-muscle constriction," she said.

Asian Beauty Zone: Gerovital

When combined with these two substances are infinitely better than their parts, which in fact has given rise to H3'which description was coined to describe the powerful factor in the molecule of procaine. When procaine molecules decompose into its constituent parts (PABA and DEAE) in the gut, these ingredients are absorbed and play a vital role before final metabolism.

British pharmaceutical codex

British pharmacopoeia 1993

Travell & Simons' Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: Upper half of body

American journal of hospital pharmacy

The Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America